b'AEGC 2023Short abstractsreaction of trace amounts of carbonates. Generally dissolvedlead to new interpretations. Resistivity and induced polarisation Fe, Pb, Mo, Cr, Se increased and subsequently decreasedmethods are used, with data acquisition performed using a in concentration indicating adsorption and precipitation.MIMDAS multichannel array and inversion via the University of Kinetic reaction path modelling demonstrated that carbonateBritish Columbia DCIP2D code. The study project consists of a minerals and chlorite are the main minerals reacting. The3.4 km long RES/IP line, where lithology is modeled from visual presence of O 2and rapid Fe mobilisation results in thelogging and geochemistry of the drill cores.precipitation of Fe oxyhydroxides that act as a sink for Fe and provide new adsorption sites for sequestering a proportionThe resistivity and chargeability of different lithologies, of the trace metals. In the longer term, CO 2mineral trappingwas measured on drill core using the GDD SCIP instrument. as ankerite at the reservoir-seal interface additionally trapsReference models of resistivity and chargeability built with this metals. petrophysical information are used to constrain inversions for a DCIP2D line, allowing us to compare the results based on two different reference models: (1) a homogeneous half-space, and Integrated interpretation applied to the Nardoo(2) constrained with the resistivity and chargeability measured prospect, QLD. in the relevant lithology. In the locations of the constrained reference model where no lithology information is available, Glenn Pears and James Reid mainly outside the area of interest, the reference model value of Mira Geoscience the unconstrained inversion is used.Integrated interpretation plays a vital role in maximising theComparison between the results based on homogeneous value from geoscience exploration data sets. In some cases,reference models and those built from geological and integrated interpretation refers to the idea of bringing apetrophysical constraints illustrates the power to query and wealth of geological constraint, petrophysical constraints andmodify geological models, and arrive at solutions that make geophysical data sets together into a common earth model.more geological sense.In other cases, particularly beneath cover, the availability of geological and petrophysical constraints is often limited,Feasibility of conformance monitoring for CO 2and geophysics plays a much stronger role. The process ofgeosequestration using refracted waves.integrated interpretation then refers to the careful process of deciphering the few key pieces of geological information andRoman Pevzner, Pavel Shashkin1 and Konstantin Tertyshnikovpetrophysical measurements that exist, how they relate to the geophysics, then capitalising on these relationships to developCurtin Universitya geological model, consistent with all the geophysics and a priori information. The process of integrated interpretationDue to sensitivity of elastic properties to changes of fluid directly minimises the ambiguity inherently associated withsaturation in the pore space, active seismic monitoring is each of the individual data set. a powerful technique for monitoring both hydrocarbon reservoir production and CO 2geosequestration . However, The purpose of this submission is to outline this process astime-lapse seismic is a relatively expensive and somewhat applied to the Nardoo prospect in Queensland, approximatelyinvasive technique, which limits its applicability. Permanent 120 km north of Mt Isa. The area is covered by groundseismic receiver and source arrays drastically reduce the gravity, ground EM and airborne magnetics surveys. Therecost and invasiveness of the monitoring and improve data is no outcrop within the area of interest, only seven drillrepeatability and sensitivity of the method. But a seismic holes with geology logs, and no actual petrophysical data.reflection method with permanent sources and receivers In addition, the magnetic signatures appear to be affectedlimits the spatial coverage, as the number of elements of by remanent magnetisation. Even in this adverse scenario,the permanent array is usually limited. 4D active reflection careful consideration of all the inputs and using the conceptsseismic (surface or borehole) allows tracking of plume behind integrated interpretation can lead to development ofpropagation (conformance) and detection of possible geologically based exploration model. The model explicitlysmall leakages (assurance) and thus will probably remain incorporates cover, and magnetic basement domains, eacha gold standard. However, if only conformance monitoring attributed with magnetic remanence parameters derivedis required, a more efficient technique based on refracted through modelling and inversion. waves may be feasible. In most cases, CO 2geosequestraton sites are located within sedimentary basins with seismic velocity increasing with depth. At sufficiently large source-Comparison of resistivity and chargeability inversionsreceiver offsets, the first wave to arrive will be a diving or integrating rock physical properties and geologicalhead wave, which would have passed through the injected models. plume (or a reservoir containing the plume), with the travel time delays varying depending on the plume thickness. High Carlos Pea repeatability, typical for permanent receiver arrays, gives an First Quantum Minerals Ltd. opportunity to detect subtle temporal travel time variation caused by CO 2migration. Pairing permanent receivers with Resistivity and chargeability inversion usually consider aremotely operated sources would allow a low-cost automated reference model of a homogeneous half-space due to theCO 2surveillance system suited for conformance monitoring. limited information available during greenfield exploration.In this presentation we demonstrate the feasibility of this However, in more advanced stages, having constrained modelsapproach for typical CO 2geosequestration scenarios using based on the lithology of the geological model, allows testingseismic modelling and evaluate the extension to completely of the geophysical validity of the geological model and maypassive monitoring using regional seismicity.129 PREVIEW FEBRUARY 2023'