b'Education matters was reconstructed over the ~22-57 kathe physical processes by increasingdischarge into the estuary. The simulated interval for core NP02. Magnetic analysesglobal warming and anthropogenicSSC transport and dispersion patterns suggest that the remanence is carriedchanges in the feeder catchment, thewere compared to field measurements by detrital vortex state and biogenicmouth of the river and the active/ and showed a consistent direction and single domain magnetite. These twodischarge channel. Previous studies havemagnitude along the channel.components record similar relativeshown that the study area is flagged asThe primary results present significant palaeo-intensity (RPI) patterns, and theone of many catchment areas controlledchanges in the location of erosion and fidelity of the core NP02 RPI record isfrom upstream by hydraulic constructiondeposition, and in the rates of change. further verified by comparison with otherof dams and levees that leads toIt was observed that tides, winds and RPI stacks and records. Therefore, thealteration in the characteristics of thecurrents are essential physical factors RPI-assisted chronology is used to datechannel and its mouth. In this study, athat control the dispersal patterns. the studied NPO sediments by tuninghydrodynamic strategy is developedMapping the shoreline dynamics revealed the initial core NP02 age model usingto observe and assess the main forcessignificant shoreline movement and RPI variations. Hard isothermal remanentthat control the hydrodynamics in Shattdifferences in the rates of change between magnetization (HIRM) is dominatedAl-Arab channel and its offshore areathe left (Iranian) and right (Iraqi) banks. by the hematite concentration and isincluding its geomorphology, sedimentAnalysing changes between 1971 and used as a proxy for Asian-sourced dusttransport, and seawater intrusion into2016, it was found that on the Iranian content. Low dust contents are identifiedthe fluvial channel of Shatt Al-Arab. Thisshoreline the area of the estuary mouth at ~25, 39, 48, and 55 ka, which can bestudy provides a new strategy usinginside Shatt Al-Arab channel has increased linked to Heinrich events 2, 4, 5, anda numerical model to determine howby 2967.98 mwhile on the Iraqi side, 25a, and are likely caused by southwardmuch upstream freshwater dischargethe area along the shoreline has reduced shifts of the westerlies associatedis required to manage the saltwaterby 1050.04 m . In the model, different 2with Atlantic meridional overturningintrusion from downstream. scenarios simulated Shatt Al-Arab channel circulation (AMOC) slowdowns. AMOCconditions when different discharge slowdowns increase the meridionalTo understand the transport of temperature gradient and, therefore,suspended load and its accumulation asvalues are supplied from upstream. These lead to intensified and southward- modern sediment along Shatt Al-Arabfindings could potentially change the shifted westerlies. In this situation, thechannel and estuary, and to determineclassification of the river mouth from a main westerly axis shifts away from thewhich parameters control the interactiondelta to an estuary, and, subsequently, NP02 core site and, therefore, low dustwith the sea, this study employed fieldaffect the delineation of the border contents are recorded at this site. data collection and measurements,between Iraq and Iran. Also, the freshwater such as discharge flow measurements,discharge from upstream influences Qassim M. F. Al-Aesawi, University ofand sediment and water samples,suspended load transport and controls Wollongong/University of Basrah, Basrah,along the lower 110 km of the channel.the pattern of erosion and deposition in Iraq: Oceanographic characteristics ofFive stations along the channel werethe mouth of Shatt Al-Arab. The results alluvial estuaries, North-West Arabian/ employed to collect data as test pointsconfirmed a significant relationship Persian Gulf. for correlation with the numerical modelconnecting the freshwater discharge to investigate where and when theand seawater intrusion that can provide discharge impacts on the tidal force.a useful understanding of seawater distribution over the estuarine channel. A mapping study was conducted withThis enhances MIKE21 as a useful tool to new data obtained from the bathymetricinvestigate water resources in tidal zones.survey for use in the digital shorelineIt is hoped that the findings of this study analysis system (DSAS method in GISwill be helpful to understand the overall applications), and in the hydrodynamichydrodynamic and geomorphological system in the MIKE21 numerical model.changes of the river and suggest possible The data used in the study includefuture research to be implemented on suspended sediment concentrationsthis river. The study recommends that (SSC), tides and bathymetry. A sedimentwater management and decision-makers transport model (MIKE21 Mud Transportplan how to prevent the destruction of (MT) for combined currents) and SSCfreshwater resources in this area. They A morpho-sedimentological andwas used to quantify and determineneed to consider the oceanographic morphodynamic assessment of recentthe movement of fine sediments alonginfluences and develop a plan for a changes in the dominant physicalShatt Al-Arab estuary and its channel.long-term project to monitor and find a processes in Shatt Al-Arab estuary in IraqThe hydrodynamic module HD simulatedsolution for the erosion of the channel and their dynamic effects is an utmostwater level variations and dischargemargins and shallowing of the navigation necessity. Shatt Al-Arab is the mainflow in response to a variety of forcingchannel that needs constant dredging freshwater resource into the Arabian/ functions in the study area. Severalunder the current situation.Persian Gulf, and to southern Iraq andmodelling scenarios were employed the surrounding agricultural areas. It alsoto evaluate the impact of differentIt is also recommended that has a significant position in the economydischarge values on the salt intrusioninitiatives, such as installing additional for international ship transport, and in itsin Shatt Al-Arab dynamics. Suspendedenvironmental stations to record geopolitical setting as it forms the bordersediment transport was simulatedimportant characteristics along the with Iran for 110 km. Contemporaryutilising the SSC data derived fromchannel, are implemented and supported human advancements have influencedthe different scenarios of upstreamby the Iraqi government and decision 39 PREVIEW DECEMBER 2021'