b'Education matters IB: Were already experiencing theof monitoring data. It has to workIn general, its easier to train evolution. I think its going to be aall the way from the CO 2capture ora geophysicist, geologist or a smooth transition to clean energy,separation to transportation to thepetroleum engineer in data however we cant just replace fossil fuelsstorage site. You need to make sure that overnight. The global energy demandeverything is CO 2 -resistant, becausescience than for a data scientist keeps growing and the alternativeof the corrosive properties of CO 2 .to become a domain expert. energies can only cover a fraction ofYou also need to ensure that you willOne of the foci in the digital the current demand. We will continuehave good injectivity for the duration needing oil and gas for several years,of the project, and that the CO 2willtransformation roadmap is but we need to produce them in wayremain permanently underground. Withto train our people in digital that minimises our environmentalhydrogen, we are adding another leveltechnologies.impact. This is where CCS plays anof complexity on that element, because important role. CCS is not the goal. Itsit is a different fluid with differentIB: If we are talking about CCS and a transitional technology while otherproperties. blue hydrogen, we will need the clean energies continue to develop. Insimilar kind of specialists that we need terms of tertiary education, most of theFor example, in modelling were used skills that we teach petroleum engineersto flow simulate reservoir modelling. Inin oil and gas projects. We will need and earth scientists will be relevant toCCS, we cant assess fields just based ondrillers, geologists, geophysicists, the energy transition. Most of thesethe geological perspective or the volumepetrophysicists, geomechanics, skills are transferrable to CCS and theof hydrocarbons in place. We have topetroleum engineers, HSE engineers, hydrogen industry. We may enrich athink all the way from the integrity offacilities engineers, production little bit with more emphasis on thethe existing field, the geomechanicalengineers, chemical engineers, electrical digital technologies, modelling and theparameters, the geochemical reactionengineers, mechanical engineers, integration across geology, petrophysics,of the CO 2with the reservoir fluids andproject managers, decision analysts, etc.geomechanics, geophysics androcks, and the integration of the data (4DIt is the same specialists, they will just engineering and the new technologiesseismic, satellite data, passive seismicneed to develop additional skills. They for CCS monitoring. monitoring, saturation logging, surfacewill also need to develop a different monitoring, pressure monitoring, etc).mindset, to assess and integrate across There are also the alternative energies,The integration of all these data setsthe whole value chain. They will need to like solar, geothermal, wind andrequires leveraging digital technologieswork in more collaborative way.hydrogen that will require earth scientiststo help us with the forecasting and real-and engineers. time monitoring of the field to makeI think a lot will change in the way we do We will also need to continue increasingdecisions on the optimum operationalexploration because we are not going the collaboration between industry,parameters. to be exploring for existing hydrocarbon research and academia to accelerateaccumulations. With CCS what happens technology deployment at the paceIn terms of the kind of people weis you find the optimum reservoir close and scale required to meet the globalneed to work on the digital projects,enough to your carbon emissions. emissions reduction goals. we need people that understand theYou can find a great reservoir for CO 2business project, we need experts instorage but if its too far away from your MP: You have already started answeringthe area (geophysicists, geologists, etc.),source of emissions then the project my next question on the role ofand we also need software engineers,may not be economical. In CCS we digitalisation in the clean energydata scientists and data architects. Thehave to assess injectivity, containment transition. What kind of educationdata scientists can be earth scientistsand capacity. In CCS the containment is required to guarantee efficientor engineers that have learnt data(seal) and the injectivity (permeability digitalisation of the sector? science. In general its easier to train aand pressure) are in many cases more geophysicist, geologist or a petroleumimportant than the pore volume of the engineer in data science than for areservoir. You also need to assess the In terms of tertiary education,data scientist to become a domainsubsurface integrity of the field and the most of the skills that we teachexpert. One of the foci in the digitalwell integrity of existing wells if youre petroleum engineers and earthtransformation roadmap is to train ourinjecting CO 2in depleted oil and gas scientists will be relevant to thepeople in digital technologies. fields. You need to bring that integration energy transition. Most of thoseWe also need people with experiencefrom the screening phase to assess the in design thinking and agile projectviability and cost of the project.skills are transferrable to CCS and the hydrogen industry. management to help us design, executeFor hydrogen and a wind and solar and and deploy the solutions. the new energies there will be other kind of specialists that will be needed: lots IB: Digital technologies have a veryMP: Thank you. My last question isof engineers, chemical, electrical, and important role to play in the energywhat kind of specialists are required tomechanical engineers.transition. Were dealing with a morepursue the clean energy economy in integrated system with a huge amountAustralia? MP: Thank you so much.31 PREVIEW DECEMBER 2021'